William Clayton Anderson (December 26, 1826 – December 23, 1861) was a United States Representative from Kentucky.
William C. Anderson was a son of Simeon H. Anderson and nephew of Albert G. Talbott. He was born in Lancaster, Kentucky, where he attended private schools. He graduated from Centre College, Danville, Kentucky in 1845. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing his practice in Lancaster. In 1847 he moved to Danville and continued practicing law.
Anderson served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1851 to 1853. He was a presidential elector on the American Party ticket of Millard Fillmore in 1856. Anderson was an unsuccessful candidate for the Thirty-fifth Congress, but two years later was elected as an Opposition Party representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress, seving between March 4, 1859 and March 3, 1861. He chose not seek re-election and instead was elected as a Unionist to the Kentucky House of Representatives. He died during the 1861 session, at Frankfort, Kentucky.
Anderson was buried in Bell View Cemetery, Danville, Kentucky.